Bessie Coleman nicknamed “Brave Bessie” and “Queen Bess,” rose to national prominence as the first female pilot of both African American and Native American heritage. She was born in Atlanta, Texas in 1892. Her father worked as a sharecropper while her mother worked as a housekeeper. Coleman picked cotton and washed laundry to save money for her education. Her father eventually left the family in Texas to seek more stable financial opportunities in Oklahoma.

In 1915, she moved to Chicago, Illinois where she would live with her brothers and work in a barbershop. Coleman's brothers served in World War I and descriptions of their experiences inspired her interest in aviation.

Because U.S. flight schools did not admit female students, Coleman taught herself French to submit her application to a flight school in Paris, France. In June of 1921, she graduated with an international pilot’s license.

Bessie Coleman’s ultimate goal was to open an American flight school that allowed female students. She began a speaking tour around the U.S. and would only speak at organization that did not segregate the audience. She used her position and fame to encourage women and African Americans.

In 1922 she performed the first public flight exhibition by an African American woman. She continued her speaking and flying stunt shows until she was involved in a major accident in 1923. In 1925, Coleman began performing again putting on flight demonstrations in her Jenny-JN-4 plane.