Year

2026

Season

Spring

Paper Type

Master's Thesis

College

College of Computing, Engineering & Construction

Degree Name

Master of Science in Computer and Information Sciences (MS)

Department

Computing

NACO controlled Corporate Body

University of North Florida. School of Computing

Committee Chairperson

Dr. Swapnoneel Roy

Second Advisor

Dr. Ayan Dutta

Rights Statement

http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Third Advisor

Dr. O. Patrick Kreidl

Abstract

The Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) continues to expand but faces challenges such as cryptographic overhead and energy consumption. Security frameworks such as blockchain and Energy-Performance Cumulative Message Authentication Codes (EP-CuMAC) rely heavily on SHA-256, which is not optimized for energy-limited devices.

This work unifies two complementary approaches, a hybrid blockchain-based NB-IoT framework and an EP-CuMAC-based framework, by engineering their cryptographic core with an Energy Complexity Model-optimized SHA-256 (ECM-SHA256). ECM applies parallel memory-bank mapping and block-level access optimization to reduce redundant power usage while preserving algorithmic integrity.

Experimental evaluation on identical Intel DDR3 systems using pyRAPL shows energy savings of 2–13% across blockchain modules (Unique ID Generation, Device Join, Transactions) and EP-CuMAC modules (Feedback, Prediction, Verification, Retransmission). The optimization leverages the parallel memory-bank mapping of the energy complexity model of SHA-256, implemented on identical Intel DDR3 systems using pyRAPL for repeatable measurements. The results position ECM-SHA256 as a generalizable cryptographic optimization strategy for secure and sustainable NB-IoT deployments.

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