Association Membership
NO
DOI
10.34296/07012026
Abstract
Infertility affects approximately 11% of women of reproductive age in the United States, with 41–46% developing symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a prevalence substantially higher than in the general population. Because existing research and clinical literature predominantly focus on female infertility experiences, this article centers women while acknowledging that infertility profoundly impacts individuals across all gender identities. Despite this, mental health counselors frequently lack training in culturally responsive reproductive mental health care, leaving marginalized clients, including racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, immigrants, LGBTQ+ people, and rural residents without adequate support. This theoretical article applies intersectionality theory to clinical mental health counseling with diverse clients experiencing reproductive trauma. Drawing from multicultural and social justice counseling competencies and emerging empirical research, the article reconceptualizes infertility as reproductive trauma requiring trauma-informed intervention rather than stress management. This framework highlights how intersecting identities and systemic barriers intensify distress and reduce access to care. Failure to recognize these intersections can lead to misdiagnosis, cultural invalidation, and retraumatization. Clinical implications, a case illustration with a Latina immigrant woman, and recommendations for professional development and future research are provided.
Recommended Citation
Jalilzadeh, N. (2026). Intersectionality and Infertility: A Framework for Culturally Responsive Mental Health Counseling. Journal of Counseling Sexology & Sexual Wellness: Research, Practice, and Education, 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.34296/07012026