Flowering in grassland predicted by CO2and resource effects on species aboveground biomass

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

4-1-2018

Abstract

Continuing enrichment of atmospheric CO2may change plant community composition, in part by altering the availability of other limiting resources including soil water, nutrients, or light. The combined effects of CO2enrichment and altered resource availability on species flowering remain poorly understood. We quantified flowering culm and ramet production and biomass allocation to flowering culms/ramets for 10 years in C4-dominated grassland communities on contrasting soils along a CO2concentration gradient spanning pre-industrial to expected mid-21st century levels (250–500 μl/L). CO2enrichment explained up to 77% of the variation in flowering culm count across soils for three of the five species, and was correlated with flowering culm count on at least one soil for four of five species. In contrast, allocation to flowering culms was only weakly correlated with CO2enrichment for two species. Flowering culm counts were strongly correlated with species aboveground biomass (AGB; R2 =.34–.74), a measure of species abundance. CO2enrichment also increased soil moisture and decreased light levels within the canopy but did not affect soil inorganic nitrogen availability. Structural equation models fit across the soils suggested species-specific controls on flowering in two general forms: (1) CO2effects on flowering culm count mediated by canopy light level and relative species AGB (species AGB/total AGB) or by soil moisture effects on flowering culm count; (2) effects of canopy light level or soil inorganic nitrogen on flowering and/or relative species AGB, but with no significant CO2effect. Understanding the heterogeneity in species responses to CO2enrichment in plant communities across soils in edaphically variable landscapes is critical to predict CO2effects on flowering and other plant fitness components, and species potential to adapt to future environmental changes.

Publication Title

Global Change Biology

Volume

24

Issue

4

First Page

1771

Last Page

1781

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1111/gcb.14032

PubMed ID

29282824

ISSN

13541013

E-ISSN

13652486

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