ORCID

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2993-0952

Year

2024

Season

Summer

Paper Type

Master's Thesis

College

College of Arts and Sciences

Degree Name

Master of Science in Biology (MS)

Department

Biology

NACO controlled Corporate Body

University of North Florida. Department of Biology

First Advisor

Dr. James Gelsleichter

Second Advisor

Dr. Lindsay Mahovetz-Myers

Third Advisor

Dr. Gregory Kohn

Fourth Advisor

Dr. Quincy Gibson

Department Chair

Dr. Matthew Gilg

College Dean

Kaveri Subrahmanyam

Abstract

Zoos and aquariums utilize research-based management to ensure animals remain in a positive welfare standing. While vital, this research is taxa-biased towards mammals, with few studies observing other species that are frequently observed in captivity, such as elasmobranchs, or sharks and rays. Often maintained in exhibits that allow direct guest interaction, or touch pools, elasmobranchs have been shown to respond to these exposures through behavior changes in activity and social interactions. While this may indicate a potential for compromised welfare, the literature is conflicting and sparse, leaving uncertainty in the overall welfare condition of animals maintained in this popular exhibit style. Therefore, this study aimed to use the social interactions of a group of social living elasmobranchs to understand the impacts of social organization and positioning on the interaction and acquisition of resources within touch pool conditions to gain a more holistic view of welfare. To achieve this, an observational behavior study was performed on the Cownose rays at the Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens’ Stingray Bay habitat. We used social network analysis methods to determine the social organization of the group as well as determine individual positioning, or centrality, to compare to husbandry and resource interaction. Results indicated that the captive Cownose rays studied seem to follow an egalitarian society and that centrality may not play a large role in the involvement of interaction or acquisition of resources as predicted. Individual differences between interaction with husbandry and resources may instead be explained by differences in personality traits. While we are unable to make a definitive claim on the welfare of these rays, the results of this study will allow for more effective and informed management of rays within touch pools, as well as inform future studies in both wild and captive studies of elasmobranch research.

Available for download on Thursday, July 31, 2025

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